|
Old Gujarātī (; also called ''Gujarātī bhākhā'' or ''Gurjar apabhraṃśa'', 1100–1500 CE), the ancestor of modern Gujarati and Rajasthani, was spoken by the Gurjars, who were residing and ruling in Gujarat, Punjab, Rajputana and central India. The language was used as literary language as early as the 12th century. Texts of this era display characteristic Gujarati features such as direct/oblique noun forms, postpositions, and auxiliary verbs. It had three genders as Gujarati does today, and by around the time of 1300 CE a fairly standardized form of this language emerged. While generally known as Old Gujarati, some scholars prefer the name of Old Western Rajasthani, based on the argument that Gujarati and Rajasthani were not yet distinct. Factoring into this preference was the belief that modern Rajasthani sporadically expressed a neuter gender, based on the incorrect conclusion that the () that came to be pronounced in some areas for masculine () after a nasal consonant was analogous to Gujarati's neuter ().〔Smith, J.D. (2001) "Rajasthani." ''Facts about the world's languages: An encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present''. Ed. Jane Garry, and Carl Rubino: New England Publishing Associates. pp. 591-593.〕 A formal grammar of the precursor to this language, ''Prakrita Vyakarana'', was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra Suri in the reign of Solanki king Siddharaj Jayasinh of Anhilwara (Patan). Major works were written in various genres, for the most part in verse form, such as: *''rāsa'', predominantly didactic narrative, of which the earliest known is Śālibhadrasūri's ''Bhārateśvarabāhubali'' (1185). *''phāgu'', in which springtime is celebrated, of which the earliest is Jinapadmasūri's ''Sirithūlibadda'' (c. 1335). The most famous is the ''Vasantavilāsa'', of unknown scholarship, which is undeterminedly dated to somewhere in 14th or 15th century, or possibly earlier. *''bārmāsī'', describing natural beauty during each of the twelve months. *''ākhyāna'', in which sections are each in a single metre. Narsinh Mehta (c. 1414–1480) is traditionally viewed as the father of modern Gujarati poetry. By virtue of its early age and good editing, an important prose work is the 14th-century commentary of Taruṇaprabha, the ''Ṣaḍāvaśyakabālabodhavr̥tti''.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Gujarati language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|